Rational Use of Leads in Artificial Cardiac Pacing
Keywords:
Artificial pacemaker, Sinus Node Syndrome, Sudden Cardiac Death, Heart FailureAbstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIEDs) are a proven therapy for the treatment of bradyarrhythmias, prevention of sudden death or heart failure. Since the first transvenous pacemaker implantation more than 60 years ago, technological advances in devices and improvements in surgical techniques have occurred. However, this type of therapy is still associated with significant complications, most of them related to the implantation of transvenous leads. Objective: To present a reflection on how to practice the rational use of lead implantation and propose strategies and alternatives to delay or avoid it, based on the current knowledge in the various fields of artificial cardiac stimulation. Methods: Review of literature that used articles from 1995 to 2019, from several platforms and periodicals. Conclusion: There is an expectation that in the coming years there will be technological and knowledge advances in the field of leadless stimulation, allowing these devices to be incorporated into clinical practice in a routine manner. Currently, if the implantation of ventricular electrodes in cases of sinus node disease with preserved atrioventricular conduction is rationalized, the implantation of atrial electrodes in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) without the necessity of antibradicardia stimulation or ventricular electrodes in cases without the necessity of antitachycardia stimulation (ATP) considering the subcutaneous ICD implantation, this article will have fulfilled its role.
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References
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3. Mond HG, Proclemer A. The 11th world survey of cardiac pacing and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: calendar year 2009 – a World Society of Arrhythmia’s Project. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2011; 34(8):1013–27. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.2011.03150.x
4. Cohen TJ, Asheld WJ, Germano J, Islam S, Patel D. A comparative study of defibrillator leads at a large-volume implanting hospital: results from the Pacemaker and Implantable Defibrillator Leads Survival Study (“PAIDLESS”). J Invasive Cardiol. 2015; 27(6):292–300.
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7. Kersten DJ, Yi J, Feldman AM, Brahmbhatt K, Asheld WJ, Germano J, et al. The number of recalled leads is highly predictive of lead failure: results from the Pacemaker and Implantable Defibrillator Leads Survival Study (“PAIDLESS”). J Invasive Cardiol. 2016; 17(4):E198–202.
8. Kirkfeldt RE, Johansen JB, Nohr EA, Jørgensen OD, Nielsen JC. Complications after cardiac implantable electronic device implantations: an analysis of a complete, nationwide cohort in Denmark. Eur Heart J. 2014; 35(18):1186–94. https://doi. org/10.1093/eurheartj/eht51
9. Udo EO, Zuithoff NP, van Hemel NM, de Cock CC, Hendriks T, Doevendans PA, Moons KG. Incidence and predictors of short and long-term complications in pacemaker therapy:The FOLLOWPACE study. Heart Rhythm. 2012; 9(5):728–35. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/eus054
10. Kirkfeldt RE, Johansen JB, Nohr EA, Moller M, Arnsbo P, Nielsen JC. Pneumothorax in cardiac pacing: a populationbased cohort study of 28 860 Danish patients. EP Eur.2012; 14(8):1132–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/eus054
11. Kiviniemi MS, Pirnes MA, Eränen HJK, Kettunen RVJ, Hartikainen JEK. Complications related to permanent pacemaker therapy. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1999; 22(5):711–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1999. tb00534.x
12. Ellenbogen KA, Hellkamp AS, Wilkoff BL, Camunãs JL, Love JC, Hadjis TA, et al. Complications arising after implantation of DDD pacemakers: the MOST experience. Am J Cardiol. 272 J. Cardiac Arrythmias, São Paulo, v32, 4, pp. 262-274, Oct-Dec, 2019
13. Haghjoo M, Nikoo MH, Fazelifar AF, Alizadeh A, Emkanjoo Z, Sadr-Ameli MA. Predictors of venous obstruction followingpacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation: a contrast venographic study on 100 patients admitted for generator change, lead revision, or device upgrade. EP Eur. 2007; 9(5):328–32. https://doi.org/10.1093/ europace/eum019
14. Harcombe AA, Newell SA, Ludman PF, Wistow TE, Sharples LD, Schofield PM, et al. Late complications following permanent pacemaker implantation or elective unit replacement. Heart. 1998; 80(3):240–4. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.80.3.240
15. Brunner MP, Cronin EM, Wazni O, Baranowski B, Saliba WI, Sabik JF, et al. Outcomes of patients requiring emergent surgical or endovascular intervention for catastrophic complications during transvenous lead extraction. Heart Rhythm. 2014; 11(3):419–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. hrthm.2013.12.004
16. Tarakji KG, Wazni OM, Harb S, Hsu A, Saliba W, Wilkoff BL. Risk factors for 1-year mortality among patients with cardiac implantable electronic device infection undergoing transvenous lead extraction: the impact of the infection type and the presence of vegetation on survival. EP Eur. 2014; 16(10):1490–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euu147
17. Ahmed FZ, Fullwood C, Zaman M, Qamruddin A, Cunnington C, Mamas MA, et al. Cardiac implantable electronic device(CIED) infections are expensive and associated with prolonged hospitalisation: UK retrospective observationalstudy. PLOS ONE. 2019; 14(3):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213682
18. Hauser RG, Hayes DL, Kallinen LM, Cannom DS, Epstein AE, Almquist AK, et al. Clinical experience with pacemaker pulse generators and transvenous leads: An 8-year prospective multicenter study. Heart Rhythm. 2007; 4(2):154–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2006.10.00919
19. Maisel WH, Hauser RG, Hammill SC, Hauser RG, Ellenbogen KA, Epstein AE, et al. Recommendations from the Heart Rhythm Society Task Force on Lead Performance Policies and Guidelines. Heart Rhythm. 2009; 6(6):869–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.04.02420
20. Connolly SJ, Kerr CR, Gent M, Roberts RS, Yusuf S, Gillis AM, et al. Effects of Physiologic Pacing versus Ventricular Pacing on the Risk of Stroke and Death Due to Cardiovascular Causes. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342(19):1385–91. https://doi. org/10.1056/NEJM20000511342190221
21. Kerr CR, Connolly SJ, Abdollah H, Roberts RS, Gent M, Yusuf S, et al. Canadian trial of physiological pacing: effects of physiological pacing during long-term follow-up. Circulation. 2004; 109(3):357–62. https://doi.org/10.1161/01. CIR.0000109490.72104.EE22
22. Lamas GA, Lee KL, Sweeney MO, Silverman R, Leon A, Yee R. Ventricular pacing or dual-chamber pacing for sinus-node dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346(24):1854–62. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa01304023
23. Healey JS, Toff WD, Lamas GA, Andersen HR, Thorpe KE, Ellenbogen KA, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes with atrialbased pacing compared with ventricular pacing metaanalysis of randomized trials, using individual patient data. Circulation. 2006; 114(1):11–7. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.610303
24. Castelnuovo E, Stein K, Pitt M, Garside R, Payne L. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of dual-chamber pacemakers compared with single-chamber pacemakers for bradycardia due to atrioventricular block or sick sinus syndrome: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2005; 9(43):1–269. https://doi. org/10.3310/hta943025
25. Nielsen JC, Thomsen PEB, Højberg S, Møller M, Vesterlund T, Dalsgaard D, et al. A comparison of single-lead atrial pacing with dual-chamber pacing in sick sinus syndrome. Eur Heart J.2011; 32(6):686–96. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr02226
26. Senaratne J, Herath T, Beaudette D, Irwin M, Gulamhusein S, Senaratne M. Safety and efficacy of AAIR pacing in selected patients with sick sinus syndrome. Medicine. 2018; 97(42):1–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.000000000001283327
27. Fuganti CJ, Melo CS, Moraes Junior AV, Pachon-Mateos JC, Pereira WL, Galvão Filho SS, et al. Diretrizes Brasileiras de Dispositivos Cardíacos Eletrônicos Implantáveis do
Departamento de Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial (DECA) da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular (SBCCV). J Cardiac Arrythmias. 2015; 28(2 Supl):S1–6228.
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Published
2020-04-16
How to Cite
Duarte, C. E. ., & Sbaraini, A. B. . (2020). Rational Use of Leads in Artificial Cardiac Pacing. JOURNAL OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, 32(4), 262–274. Retrieved from https://jca.org.br/jca/article/view/3378
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Cardiac Pacing
