Atrial Fibrillation and Systemic Thromboembolism – Causal Correlation or a Message of Atrial Disease?
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References
1. Daley R, Mattingly TW, Holt CL, Bland EF, White PD. Systemic arterial embolism in rheumatic heart disease. Am Heart
J. 1951;42(4):566-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(51)90152-4
2. Wolf PA, Dawber TR, Thomas E, Thomas Junior HE, Kannel WB. Epidemiologic assessment of chronic atrial fibrillation and risk of stroke: The Framingham Study. Neurology. 1978;28(10):973-7. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.28.10.973
3. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation: a major contributor to stroke in the elderly. The Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med. 1987;147(9):1561-4.
4. Thygesen SK, Frost L, Eagle KA, Johnsen SP. Atrial fibrillation in patients with ischemic stroke: A population-based study. Clin Epidemiol. 2009;1:55-65. https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s4794
5. Hannon N, Sheehan O, Kelly L, Marnane M, Merwick A, Moore A, et al. Stroke associated with atrial fibrillationincidence
and early outcomes in the north Dublin population stroke study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010;29(1):43-9. https://doi.
org/10.1159/000255973
6. Björck S, Palaszewski B, Friberg L, Bergfeldt L. Atrial fibrillation, stroke risk, and warfarin therapy revisited: a population-based study. Stroke. 2013;44(11):3103-8. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002329
7. Friberg L, Rosenqvist M, Lindgren A, Terént A, Norrving B, Asplund K. High prevalence of atrial fibrillation among patients with ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2014;45(9):2599-605. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.006070
8. Kishore A, Vail A, Majid A, Dawson J, Lees KR, Tyrrell PJ, et al. Detection of atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke or
transient ischemic attack - A systematic review and metaanalysis. Stroke. 2014;45(2):520-6. https://doi.org/10.1161/
STROKEAHA.113.003433
9. Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W, Boechler M, Rich MW, Radford MJ. Validation of clinical classification schemes
for predicting stroke. Results from the national registry of atrial fibrillation. JAMA. 2001;285(22):2864-70. https://doi.
org/10.1001/jama.285.22.2864
10. Lip GYH, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, Lane DA, Crijns HJ. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach. The euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. CHEST. 2010;137(2):263-72. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-1584
11. Singer DE, Chang Y, Borowsky LH, Fang MC, Pomernacki NK, Udaltsovaet N, et al. A new risk scheme to predict ischemic stroke and other thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: The ATRIA study stroke risk score. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2(3):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.113.000250
12. Wolsk E, Lamberts M, Morten LH, Blanche P, Køber L, Torp-Pedersen C, et al. Thromboembolic risk stratification of patients hospitalized with heart failure in sinus rhythm: a nationwide cohort study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2015;17(8):828-36. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.309
13. Mazzone C, Cioffi G, Carriere C, Barbati G, Faganello G, Russo G, et al. Predictive role of CHA2DS2-VASc score for cardiovascular events and death in patients with arterial hypertension and stable sinus rhythm. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017;24(15):1584-93 https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487317726068
14. Guichard JB, Nattel S. Atrial cardiomyopathy: A useful notion in cardiac disease management or a passing fad? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70:756-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.06.033
15. Kottkamp H. Fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy: A specific disease/syndrome supplying substrates for atrial fibrillation, atrial tachycardia, sinus node disease, AV node disease, and thromboembolic complications. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2012;23(7):789-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2012.02341.x
16. Goette A, Kalman JM, Aguinaga L, Akar J, Cabrera JA, Chen SA, et al. EHRA/HRS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus on atrial cardiomyopathies: definition, characterization, and clinical implication. Europace. 2016;18(10):1455-90. https://doi.
org/10.1093/europace/euw161
17. Froehlich L, Meyre P, Aeschbacher S, Blum S, Djokic D, Kuehne M, et al. Left atrial dimension and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with and without atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart. 2019;105(24):1884-91. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315174
18. Daccarett M, Badger TJ, Akoum N, Burgon NS, Mahnkopf C, Vergara G, et al. Association of left atrial fibrosis detected by delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging and the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(7):831-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.049
19. Akoum N, Fernandez G, Wilson B, Mcgann C, Kholmovski E, Marrouche N. Association of atrial fibrosis quantified using LGE-MRI with atrial appendage thrombus and spontaneous contrast on transesophageal echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2013;24(10):1104-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.12199
20. King JB, Azadani PN, Suksaranjit P, Bress AP, Witt DM, Han FT, et al. Left atrial fibrosis and risk of cerebrovascular and
cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(11):1311-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jacc.2017.07.758
21. Müller P, Makimoto H, Dietrich JW, Fochler F, Nentwich K, Krug J, et al. Association of left atrial low-voltage area and
thromboembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. Europace. 2018;20(3):f359-65. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/eux172
22. Glotzer TV, Daoud EG, Wyse DG, Singer DE, Ezekowitz MD, Hilker C, et al: The relationship between daily atrial tachyarrhythmia burden from implantable device diagnostics and stroke risk: the TRENDS study. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2009;2(5):474-80. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.109.849638
23. Daoud EG, Glotzer TV, Wyse DG, Ezekowitz MD, Hilker C, Koehler J, et al: Temporal relationship of atrial
tachyarrhythmias, cerebrovascular events, and systemic emboli based on stored device data: A subgroup analysis of TRENDS. Heart Rhythm. 2011;8(9):1416-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.04.022
24. Brambatti M, Connolly SJ, Gold MR, Morillo CA, Capucci A, Muto C, et al: Temporal relationship between subclinical ttrial fibrillation and embolic events. Circulation. 2014;129(21):2094-99. https:// doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007825
25. Martin DT, Bersohn MM, Waldo AL, Wathen MS, Choucair WK, Lip GY, et al: Randomized trial of atrial arrhythmia monitoring to guide anticoagulation in patients with implanted defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization devices. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(26):1660-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv115
26. Mahajan R, Perera T, Elliott AD, Twomey DJ, Kumar S, Munwar DA, et al: Subclinical device-detected atrial fibrillation and stroke risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(16):1407-15. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx731
J. 1951;42(4):566-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(51)90152-4
2. Wolf PA, Dawber TR, Thomas E, Thomas Junior HE, Kannel WB. Epidemiologic assessment of chronic atrial fibrillation and risk of stroke: The Framingham Study. Neurology. 1978;28(10):973-7. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.28.10.973
3. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation: a major contributor to stroke in the elderly. The Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med. 1987;147(9):1561-4.
4. Thygesen SK, Frost L, Eagle KA, Johnsen SP. Atrial fibrillation in patients with ischemic stroke: A population-based study. Clin Epidemiol. 2009;1:55-65. https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s4794
5. Hannon N, Sheehan O, Kelly L, Marnane M, Merwick A, Moore A, et al. Stroke associated with atrial fibrillationincidence
and early outcomes in the north Dublin population stroke study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010;29(1):43-9. https://doi.
org/10.1159/000255973
6. Björck S, Palaszewski B, Friberg L, Bergfeldt L. Atrial fibrillation, stroke risk, and warfarin therapy revisited: a population-based study. Stroke. 2013;44(11):3103-8. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002329
7. Friberg L, Rosenqvist M, Lindgren A, Terént A, Norrving B, Asplund K. High prevalence of atrial fibrillation among patients with ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2014;45(9):2599-605. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.006070
8. Kishore A, Vail A, Majid A, Dawson J, Lees KR, Tyrrell PJ, et al. Detection of atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke or
transient ischemic attack - A systematic review and metaanalysis. Stroke. 2014;45(2):520-6. https://doi.org/10.1161/
STROKEAHA.113.003433
9. Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W, Boechler M, Rich MW, Radford MJ. Validation of clinical classification schemes
for predicting stroke. Results from the national registry of atrial fibrillation. JAMA. 2001;285(22):2864-70. https://doi.
org/10.1001/jama.285.22.2864
10. Lip GYH, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, Lane DA, Crijns HJ. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach. The euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. CHEST. 2010;137(2):263-72. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-1584
11. Singer DE, Chang Y, Borowsky LH, Fang MC, Pomernacki NK, Udaltsovaet N, et al. A new risk scheme to predict ischemic stroke and other thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: The ATRIA study stroke risk score. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2(3):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.113.000250
12. Wolsk E, Lamberts M, Morten LH, Blanche P, Køber L, Torp-Pedersen C, et al. Thromboembolic risk stratification of patients hospitalized with heart failure in sinus rhythm: a nationwide cohort study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2015;17(8):828-36. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.309
13. Mazzone C, Cioffi G, Carriere C, Barbati G, Faganello G, Russo G, et al. Predictive role of CHA2DS2-VASc score for cardiovascular events and death in patients with arterial hypertension and stable sinus rhythm. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017;24(15):1584-93 https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487317726068
14. Guichard JB, Nattel S. Atrial cardiomyopathy: A useful notion in cardiac disease management or a passing fad? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70:756-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.06.033
15. Kottkamp H. Fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy: A specific disease/syndrome supplying substrates for atrial fibrillation, atrial tachycardia, sinus node disease, AV node disease, and thromboembolic complications. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2012;23(7):789-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2012.02341.x
16. Goette A, Kalman JM, Aguinaga L, Akar J, Cabrera JA, Chen SA, et al. EHRA/HRS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus on atrial cardiomyopathies: definition, characterization, and clinical implication. Europace. 2016;18(10):1455-90. https://doi.
org/10.1093/europace/euw161
17. Froehlich L, Meyre P, Aeschbacher S, Blum S, Djokic D, Kuehne M, et al. Left atrial dimension and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with and without atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart. 2019;105(24):1884-91. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315174
18. Daccarett M, Badger TJ, Akoum N, Burgon NS, Mahnkopf C, Vergara G, et al. Association of left atrial fibrosis detected by delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging and the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(7):831-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.049
19. Akoum N, Fernandez G, Wilson B, Mcgann C, Kholmovski E, Marrouche N. Association of atrial fibrosis quantified using LGE-MRI with atrial appendage thrombus and spontaneous contrast on transesophageal echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2013;24(10):1104-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.12199
20. King JB, Azadani PN, Suksaranjit P, Bress AP, Witt DM, Han FT, et al. Left atrial fibrosis and risk of cerebrovascular and
cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(11):1311-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jacc.2017.07.758
21. Müller P, Makimoto H, Dietrich JW, Fochler F, Nentwich K, Krug J, et al. Association of left atrial low-voltage area and
thromboembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. Europace. 2018;20(3):f359-65. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/eux172
22. Glotzer TV, Daoud EG, Wyse DG, Singer DE, Ezekowitz MD, Hilker C, et al: The relationship between daily atrial tachyarrhythmia burden from implantable device diagnostics and stroke risk: the TRENDS study. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2009;2(5):474-80. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.109.849638
23. Daoud EG, Glotzer TV, Wyse DG, Ezekowitz MD, Hilker C, Koehler J, et al: Temporal relationship of atrial
tachyarrhythmias, cerebrovascular events, and systemic emboli based on stored device data: A subgroup analysis of TRENDS. Heart Rhythm. 2011;8(9):1416-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.04.022
24. Brambatti M, Connolly SJ, Gold MR, Morillo CA, Capucci A, Muto C, et al: Temporal relationship between subclinical ttrial fibrillation and embolic events. Circulation. 2014;129(21):2094-99. https:// doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007825
25. Martin DT, Bersohn MM, Waldo AL, Wathen MS, Choucair WK, Lip GY, et al: Randomized trial of atrial arrhythmia monitoring to guide anticoagulation in patients with implanted defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization devices. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(26):1660-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv115
26. Mahajan R, Perera T, Elliott AD, Twomey DJ, Kumar S, Munwar DA, et al: Subclinical device-detected atrial fibrillation and stroke risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(16):1407-15. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx731
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Published
2020-01-17
How to Cite
Vasconcelos, J. T. M. ., Duarte, C. E. ., & Galvão Filho, S. dos S. . (2020). Atrial Fibrillation and Systemic Thromboembolism – Causal Correlation or a Message of Atrial Disease?. JOURNAL OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, 32(3), 200–208. Retrieved from https://jca.org.br/jca/article/view/3304
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